Draw and upload a syntax tree for the following sentence. This sentence is not ambiguous. Sentence: “The disgusting potion accidentally turned Hermione into a cat”The following sentence is ambiguous. Upload your response with two trees – one for each meaning – and label each sentence according to which interpretation it has. You have the option to include just one file or a separate one for each sentence. (e.g. ‘Syntax Kitty has bincoculars’ and ‘Man has binoculars’ from example during Syntax section) Sentence: “The curious child watched the cat from the neighbor’s house.”…ETC.
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LINGUISTICS
1
A. Draw and upload a syntax tree for the following sentence. This sentence is not
ambiguous. Sentence: “The disgusting potion accidentally turned Hermione into
a cat”
B. The following sentence is ambiguous. Upload your response with two trees – one
for each meaning – and label each sentence according to which interpretation it
has. You have the option to include just one file or a separate one for each
sentence. (e.g. ‘Syntax Kitty has bincoculars’ and ‘Man has binoculars’ from
example during Syntax section) Sentence: “The curious child watched the cat
from the neighbor’s house.”
C. Section A – Semantic (Theta) Roles
a. Tammy
a.
b.
c.
d.
Agent
Recipient
Goal
Source
LINGUISTICS
e. Patient
f. Theme
b. Vermont
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Recipient
Source
Patient
Theme
Goal
Agent
c. The flock of birds
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
Source
Theme
Goal
Agent
Patient
Recipient
d. south
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
Source
Recipient
Patient
Goal
Agent
Theme
e. the book
y. Source
z. Goal
aa. Theme
bb. Patient
cc. Recipient
dd. Agent
f. the library
ee. Patient
ff. Theme
gg. Source
hh. Agent
ii. Goal
jj. Recipient
2
LINGUISTICS
g. The herd of cattle
kk. Agent
ll. Patient
mm. Goal
nn. Source
oo. Recipient
pp. Theme
h. grass
qq. Theme
rr. Recipient
ss. Source
tt. Patient
uu. Goal
vv. Agent
i. The wind
ww. Goal
xx. Theme
yy. Source
zz. Patient
aaa. Recipient
bbb. Agent
j. three trees
ccc. Recipient
ddd. Goal
eee. Theme
fff. Agent
ggg. Patient
hhh. Source
Section B – Taxonomies
3
LINGUISTICS
b. Upload your taxonomy response here for Section B
Options to answer
Choice 1 (List choice in response)
5 points
Your answer
Choice 2 (List choice in response)
5 points
Your answer
Choice 3 (List choice in response)
5 points
Your answer
4
LINGUISTICS
Choice 4 (List choice in response)
Proto-Numic Reconstruction
What is the proto-numic form for ‘black’
2 points
tuhu
tuu
thu
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘dance’
2 points
nika
ni̥ ka
nka
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘feather’
2 points
kasa
kasi
5
LINGUISTICS
6
kḁsi
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘flesh’
2 points
tuku
tu̥ku
tuu
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘grease’
2 points
yuhu
yuu
yhuu
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘arm’
2 points
pida
pita
pia
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘sit’
2 points
kadi
kati
kai
None of the above
What is the proto-numic form for ‘tail’
2 points
kwasi
kwḁsi
kwsi
None of the above
Which of the following rules best describes the change happening from Proto-Numic to
Northern Paiute?
2 points
*t > d / V_V
[+voice, +plosive] –> [-voice]
[-voice, +vowel] –> [+voice]
LINGUISTICS
7
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a rule that can be applied to the changes found in Ute?
2 points
*h > ∅ / u__u
*a > i / s__#
*u > uu / C__
*V > [-voice] / ___[-voice]
Babies begin acquiring language
1 point
in the womb
between birth and 6 months
between 6 months and 1 year
after 1 year
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Child Directed Speech in our culture?
1 point
high pitch
quick production of words
reduplication
repetition
A toddler in the backseat of a car sees a herd of cattle outside the window, and points
and screams “Doggy!” This is an example of:
1 point
overextension
overregularization
babbling
vocabulary burst
Formalists believe language is primarily ________, while functionalists believe
language is primarily ________.
1 point
semantic, pragmatic
pragmatic, semantic
innate, learned
learned, innate
Which of the following is most similar to an example of the Two-Word Stage?
1 point
repeating “mama” over and over
“Doggy ball!”
“daddy come home”
LINGUISTICS
pointing to the counter and saying “cookie”
Which of the following is NOT an example of a word affected by the Great Vowel
Shift?
1 point
tooth [o:] > [u]
bite [i:] > [aɪ]
sick [ɛ] > [ɪ]
face [a:] > [e]
The words ‘embarrassed’ (English) and ‘embarazada’ (Spanish) is an example of:
1 point
a cognate set
false cognates
coincidence
translation
The ‘wug test’ is an example of what combination of language acquisition study types:
1 point
observational, longitudinal
observational, cross-sectional
experimental, longitudinal
experimental, cross-sectional
If an adult learns a third language later in life, linguists would call this an:
1 point
L1
L2
L3
None of the above
The phrase ‘I am going to’ being shortened over time to ‘Imma’ is an example of:
1 point
case
grammaticalization
laziness
language shift
How does the comparative method help Historical Linguists find related languages?
2 points
Your answer
8
LINGUISTICS
What is one main feature of the telegraphic stage of Child Language Acquisition?
2 points
Your answer
What is the main difference between a pidgin and a creole?
2 points
Your answer
Despite ideologies that may suggest otherwise, scientifically all language and dialects
are: _____________________
1 point
Your answer
When linguists are looking at what speakers are actually doing with language and
documenting those patterns, they are using a ____________________ approach to
language. (choices: formal, functional, prescriptive, descriptive)
1 point
Your answer
In a creole situation, does the superstrate language contribute mostly grammar or
mostly lexicon?
1 point
9
LINGUISTICS
10
Your answer
In sociocultural linguistics, when an individual speaker changes the way they speak in
a particular setting (such as using Child Directed Speech with infants), this is called a
________.
Why is ‘implicature’ so important in understanding pragmatics and Grice’s Maxims?
Your answer
What is the difference between a principle and a parameter, according to Universal
Grammar?
Your answer
Why is Child-Directed Speech seen as such an important part of language acquisition
in discourse-based theories?
Your answer
…
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